Debt crisis: Developing countries external debt hits record $11 4 trillion UN Trade and Development UNCTAD
Foreign commercial loans come from international banks, financial institutions, or private lenders. Many are structured as syndicated loans, where multiple lenders share the risk. Short-term external debt, due within a year, can create liquidity pressures if refinancing options are limited. Credit ratings from agencies like Moody’s, S&P, and Fitch affect borrowing terms, as lower-rated entities…